What factors contributed to the opioid epidemic?
A description of the known explanations or causes of the opioid epidemic in the United States.
The contributing factors of how opioid use disorder evolved into an epidemic have their “roots” in improving pain management. According to a 2019 journal article in Nature, the opioid epidemic evolved from a confluence of sources, including doctors seeking better methods for controlling pain, aggressive and fraudulent marketing efforts by pharmaceutical companies, and oversights/corruption within the U.S. healthcare system (Deweerdt, 2019, p.8). In the 1980s, states began passing legislation that would protect doctors from being prosecuted for aggressively treating a patient’s pain with a controlled substance. Consequently, in 1995, the American Pain Society, run exclusively by physicians, now labeled pain as the “fifth vital sign,” meaning it should be checked as standard protocol in a doctor’s visit like a patient’s blood pressure (Deweerdt, 2019 p.10). The combination of “pain” becoming part of a standard check-up with a physician, along with no legal threat of aggressively treating pain, now set the stage for pharmaceutical companies to take full advantage of.
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